How to buy and export cocoa beans: Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire and free markets

Cocoa is traded in two very different ways. In Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire, state regulators control buying and export. In most other countries, exporters and cooperatives sell more freely. This guide explains both.

Updated November 6, 2026 · 3 sources

Ghana

The Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) controls the trade. Licensed buying companies buy beans from farmers, and the Cocoa Marketing Company (CMC) markets the beans to licensed exporters, local processors and international buyers. Buyers register with the CMC and sign a contract with it.

Côte d'Ivoire

The Conseil du Café-Cacao sets the farmgate price each season and approves exporters. Much of the crop is sold forward through its system before the harvest.

Free-market origins

In Ecuador, Nigeria, Cameroon, Indonesia, Peru and many other countries, exporters and cooperatives sell directly to buyers. Fine-flavour cocoa, such as Ecuador's Nacional, often earns premiums.

Steps to a first purchase

Agree the origin, quality (grade, bean count, fermentation) and quantity.
Ask for a pre-shipment sample and a cut-test report.
Agree the Incoterm (most cocoa ships CIF or FOB) and the payment terms.
Check EU deforestation rules (EUDR) if the cocoa goes to the EU: you will need farm geolocation.

On Coffee Parchment, cooperatives and exporters can list cocoa, and buyers can post a request. See cocoa lots.

Frequently asked questions

Can a foreign company export cocoa beans from Ghana?

Only the Cocoa Marketing Company or licensed cocoa exporters may export raw beans. A foreign company usually needs a local licensed partner or a licence of its own.

When is the cocoa main crop?

In West Africa the main crop runs roughly from October to March and the mid (light) crop roughly from April to September.

Does EUDR apply to cocoa?

Yes. Cocoa is one of the commodities covered by the EU deforestation rules, so buyers need traceability to the farm.

Sources

Checked on November 6, 2026. Laws, rules and prices change: always check the official source before you trade. This guide is general information, not legal advice.